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21 / ANTIQUITY TO THE RENAISSANCE

Abu Kamil Shuja

c. 850–930 CE·Egypt

A carpet covering 18 floor tiles has a side of √18: not a whole number of tiles. Yet √18 and √8 add as neatly as 3 and 2.

Explore the mathematics ↓
Imagined portrait of Abu Kamil Shuja
Imagined likeness

01 / SQUARE-ROOT ARITHMETIC

Different roots. The same rod.

Two square carpets lie on a tiled floor. Count the tiles each one covers: its side is the square root of that number.

Measure both sides with one rod, the diagonal of a tile. Then lay the edges end to end.

Carpets:
1 floor tile = 1 square unit · one fixed scale
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THE IDEA√18 + √8 = 3√2 + 2√2 = 5√2. Count both roots in the same unit, then add the counts. Adding under the root sign (√26) gives a shorter, wrong length.

The person behind the ideas

More of the mathematics

Beyond whole-number coefficients

His algebra could use irrational quantities within equations, not just as answers.

Geometry and algebra

He applied algebra to regular pentagons and decagons and worked with powers above the square.