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20 / ANTIQUITY TO THE RENAISSANCE

Thabit ibn Qurra

c. 836–901 CE·Harran & Baghdad

Cut a rod 220 long into every size of equal piece that fits exactly. One piece of each size, end to end, measures 284, and 284’s pieces measure 220.

Explore the mathematics ↓
Imagined portrait of Thabit ibn Qurra
Imagined likeness

01 / AMICABLE NUMBERS

Can two numbers return the favour?

A divisor cuts a rod into equal pieces with nothing left over. Collect one piece of each size for 220, then for 284.

Then see why the pair works: Thabit’s rule builds two numbers whose divisors add up to the same total.

Try n:
Rods drawn at 3 drawing units per unit of length · the close-ups are fixed at ×10
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THE IDEAAmicable numbers are two numbers whose proper divisors each add up to the other: 220 → 284 → 220. Thabit proved a rule that makes such pairs when three numbers are prime.

The person behind the ideas

More of the mathematics

A conditional construction

For n > 1, set p = 3·2ⁿ⁻¹ − 1, q = 3·2ⁿ − 1 and r = 9·2²ⁿ⁻¹ − 1. If all three are prime, 2ⁿpq and 2ⁿr are amicable.

Geometry and translation

His work also addressed conic sections, ratios and geometrical problems.